.research-taxonomy .badge,
.research-topics .badge {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: normal;
}

.research-page-eyebrow {
  color: #5b2a86;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-introduction .anchor {
  display: none;
}

.research-introduction {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.research-introduction__details {
  border: 1px solid rgba(127, 127, 127, 0.28);
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.research-introduction__details > summary {
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 2vw, 1.55rem);
  font-weight: 750;
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0.85rem 1rem;
}

.research-introduction__details > summary::-webkit-details-marker,
.research-focus > summary::-webkit-details-marker,
.research-focus__disclosure > summary::-webkit-details-marker,
.research-timeline > summary::-webkit-details-marker {
  display: none;
}

.research-introduction__details > summary::after {
  content: "+";
  float: right;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.research-introduction__details[open] > summary::after {
  content: "−";
}

.research-introduction__body {
  padding: 0 1rem 1rem;
}

.research-introduction__body > :last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.research-focus {
  --focus-accent: #5b2a86;
  --focus-accent-soft: #f4eff9;
  --focus-border: #dfe3e7;
  background: #fafbfc;
  border: 1px solid var(--focus-border);
  border-radius: 1rem;
  color: #1d2b32;
  color-scheme: light;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.research-focus__summary {
  align-items: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.75rem 1rem;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto 1.5rem;
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0.9rem 1.1rem;
}

.research-focus__summary::after {
  color: var(--focus-accent);
  content: "+";
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1;
  text-align: right;
}

.research-focus[open] > .research-focus__summary {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--focus-border);
}

.research-focus[open] > .research-focus__summary::after {
  content: "−";
}

.research-focus__summary-copy {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.1rem;
}

.research-focus__summary-title {
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  font-weight: 750;
}

.research-focus__summary-hint,
.research-focus__summary-status {
  color: #687079;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.research-focus__summary-status {
  text-align: right;
}

.research-focus__body {
  padding: 1rem clamp(1rem, 3vw, 2rem) clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2rem);
}

main.research-index .research-focus h3,
main.research-index .research-focus h4,
main.research-index .research-focus h5,
main.research-index .research-focus p,
main.research-index .research-focus summary {
  color: #1d2b32;
}

.research-focus a {
  color: #5b2a86;
}

.research-focus__header,
.research-focus__group-heading {
  align-items: center;
  display: flex;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.research-focus__header h3,
.research-focus__group-heading h4 {
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.research-focus__reset {
  align-items: flex-end;
  display: flex;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.research-focus__reset span {
  color: #687079;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
}

.research-focus__group,
.research-focus__topics {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--focus-border);
  margin-top: 1.1rem;
  padding-top: 1.1rem;
}

main.research-index .research-focus .research-focus__group-heading p {
  color: #687079;
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 44rem;
  text-align: right;
}

.focus-choice-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.focus-choice-grid--domains {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(220px, 1fr));
}

.focus-choice-grid--topics {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(150px, 1fr));
}

[data-filter-button] {
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid #cfd5db;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  color: #1d2b32;
  cursor: pointer;
  text-align: left;
  transition: border-color 120ms ease, box-shadow 120ms ease, transform 120ms ease;
}

[data-filter-button]:hover {
  border-color: var(--focus-accent);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

[data-filter-button]:focus-visible {
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(91, 42, 134, 0.22);
  outline: 0;
}

[data-filter-button][aria-pressed="true"] {
  background: var(--focus-accent-soft);
  border-color: var(--focus-accent);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px var(--focus-accent);
}

[data-filter-button].is-unavailable {
  color: #7d858d;
  opacity: 0.62;
}

.focus-choice-grid [data-filter-button] {
  align-items: center;
  display: flex;
  font-weight: 650;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  justify-content: space-between;
  min-height: 3.2rem;
  padding: 0.7rem 0.85rem;
}

[data-filter-count] {
  color: #6a727a;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.research-lifecycle {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr));
  margin-top: 1rem;
  position: relative;
}

.research-lifecycle::before {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #a987c7, var(--focus-accent));
  content: "";
  height: 3px;
  left: 4%;
  position: absolute;
  right: 4%;
  top: 0.85rem;
}

.research-lifecycle__stage {
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid #d7dce1;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  padding: 0.65rem;
  position: relative;
}

.research-lifecycle__number {
  align-items: center;
  background: var(--focus-accent);
  border: 3px solid #fafbfc;
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: #fff;
  display: flex;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  height: 1.7rem;
  justify-content: center;
  margin: 0 auto 0.35rem;
  position: relative;
  width: 1.7rem;
  z-index: 1;
}

.research-lifecycle__stage h5,
main.research-index .research-focus .research-lifecycle__stage > p {
  text-align: center;
}

.research-lifecycle__stage h5 {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
}

.research-lifecycle__stage > p {
  color: #687079;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
  margin-bottom: 0.55rem;
  min-height: 1.95rem;
}

.research-lifecycle__choices {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.research-lifecycle__choices button {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
  min-height: 2.35rem;
  padding: 0.4rem 0.5rem;
  text-align: center;
}

.research-duration {
  display: inline-block;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.podcast-hub__collections .card,
.education-episode-list .card {
  border-color: rgba(127, 127, 127, 0.24);
}

.education-episode-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.85rem;
}

.education-episode-card {
  align-items: center;
  display: grid;
  gap: 1rem;
  grid-template-columns: 3.5rem minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
}

.education-episode-card__number {
  align-items: center;
  background: #f4eff9;
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: #5b2a86;
  display: flex;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  height: 3rem;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 3rem;
}

.education-episode-card__body > :last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  .education-episode-card {
    align-items: start;
    grid-template-columns: 2.75rem minmax(0, 1fr);
  }

  .education-episode-card__number {
    height: 2.5rem;
    width: 2.5rem;
  }

  .education-episode-card > .research-card-actions {
    grid-column: 2;
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }
}

.research-transcript-heading {
  align-items: end;
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  justify-content: space-between;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.research-transcript-heading h2 {
  margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
}

.research-transcript-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.research-transcript {
  font-size: 1.025rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.research-transcript-token {
  border-radius: 0.18em;
  box-decoration-break: clone;
  cursor: pointer;
  margin: 0 -0.02em;
  padding: 0.04em 0.02em;
  transition: background-color 100ms ease, color 100ms ease, box-shadow 100ms ease;
  -webkit-box-decoration-break: clone;
}

.research-transcript-token.is-spoken {
  background: rgba(91, 42, 134, 0.11);
}

.research-transcript-token.is-current {
  background: #5b2a86;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.12em rgba(91, 42, 134, 0.18);
  color: #fff;
}

.research-transcript-token:hover {
  box-shadow: inset 0 -2px 0 #5b2a86;
}

.research-speedreader-backdrop[hidden] {
  display: none;
}

.research-speedreader-backdrop {
  background: rgba(8, 13, 24, 0.76);
  display: grid;
  inset: 0;
  padding: 1.125rem;
  place-items: center;
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 1090;
}

body.research-speedreader-open {
  overflow: hidden;
}

.research-speedreader {
  background: #05070c;
  border-radius: 0.6rem;
  box-shadow: 0 1.5rem 5rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.42);
  color: #f8fafc;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: auto minmax(0, 1fr);
  max-height: min(45rem, calc(100vh - 2.25rem));
  min-height: min(38.75rem, calc(100vh - 2.25rem));
  overflow: hidden;
  width: min(60rem, 100%);
}

.research-speedreader > header {
  align-items: start;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 1rem;
}

.research-speedreader h2 {
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  margin: 0 0 0.25rem;
}

.research-speedreader__eyebrow,
.research-speedreader__meta {
  color: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.68);
  margin: 0;
}

.research-speedreader__eyebrow {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-speedreader__body,
.research-speedreader__stage {
  min-height: 0;
}

.research-speedreader__body {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
}

.research-speedreader__stage {
  display: grid;
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  place-items: center;
}

.research-speedreader__word {
  align-items: center;
  column-gap: 0;
  display: grid;
  font-feature-settings: "kern" 0;
  font-size: clamp(2.75rem, 7vw, 4.75rem);
  font-variant-ligatures: none;
  font-weight: 600;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto minmax(0, 1fr);
  line-height: 1.08;
  max-width: 92%;
  overflow: hidden;
  white-space: nowrap;
  width: 100%;
}

.research-speedreader__word .before,
.research-speedreader__word .after {
  min-width: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: clip;
}

.research-speedreader__word .before {
  justify-self: end;
  text-align: right;
}

.research-speedreader__word .pivot {
  color: #ff4545;
  justify-self: center;
  text-align: center;
}

.research-speedreader__word .after {
  justify-self: start;
  text-align: left;
}

.research-speedreader__controls {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  padding: 0.875rem 1rem 1rem;
}

.research-speedreader__row {
  align-items: center;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  justify-content: center;
}

.research-speedreader button {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28);
  border-radius: 0.4rem;
  color: #fff;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-weight: 650;
  min-height: 2.5rem;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.7rem;
}

.research-speedreader button:hover,
.research-speedreader button:focus-visible {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}

.research-speedreader button:focus-visible,
.research-speedreader input:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid rgba(148, 197, 255, 0.9);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

.research-speedreader .research-speedreader__primary {
  background: #2454d6;
  border-color: #2454d6;
}

.research-speedreader input[type="range"] {
  accent-color: #ff4545;
  width: min(38.75rem, 100%);
}

.research-speedreader [data-speedreader-progress-text] {
  color: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.72);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  min-width: 8rem;
  text-align: right;
}

.research-speedreader__wpm-row label {
  color: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.72);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  min-width: 5.75rem;
  text-align: right;
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  .research-transcript-heading {
    align-items: stretch;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .research-transcript-actions .btn {
    flex: 1 1 auto;
  }

  .research-speedreader-backdrop {
    padding: 0;
  }

  .research-speedreader {
    border-radius: 0;
    height: 100dvh;
    max-height: none;
    min-height: 100dvh;
  }

  .research-speedreader > header {
    align-items: center;
  }

  .research-speedreader__stage {
    padding: 1rem;
  }

  .research-speedreader__word {
    font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 12vw, 4rem);
    max-width: 100%;
  }

  .research-speedreader__row:first-child button {
    flex: 1 1 28%;
  }

  .research-speedreader__wpm-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: auto minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .research-transcript-token {
    transition: none;
  }
}

.publication-status-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr));
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.publication-status-grid button {
  min-height: 10.5rem;
  padding: 1rem;
}

.publication-status-grid strong,
.publication-status-grid button > span {
  display: block;
}

.publication-status-grid button > span {
  color: #626b73;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  margin-top: 0.6rem;
}

main.research-index .research-focus .research-focus__source-note {
  color: #687079;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  margin-top: 0.8rem;
}

.research-focus__disclosure > summary {
  align-items: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.5rem 1rem;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto 1.5rem;
  list-style: none;
}

.research-focus__disclosure > summary::after {
  color: var(--focus-accent);
  content: "+";
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1;
  text-align: right;
}

.research-focus__disclosure[open] > summary::after {
  content: "−";
}

.research-focus__disclosure[open] > summary {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.research-focus__disclosure-title {
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  font-weight: 750;
}

.research-focus__disclosure-hint {
  color: #687079;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  text-align: right;
}

main.research-index .research-focus .research-focus__topics > p {
  color: #687079;
  margin: 0.5rem 0 0;
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .publication-status-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-lifecycle {
    gap: 0.65rem;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .research-lifecycle::before {
    display: none;
  }

  .research-lifecycle__stage {
    padding: 0.7rem;
  }

  .research-lifecycle__number {
    float: left;
    margin: -0.05rem 0.45rem 0 0;
  }

  .research-lifecycle__stage h5,
  .research-lifecycle__stage > p {
    text-align: left;
  }

  .research-lifecycle__stage > p {
    clear: both;
    margin-top: 0.4rem;
    min-height: 0;
  }

  .research-lifecycle__choices button {
    min-height: 0;
    text-align: left;
  }

  .publication-status-grid button {
    min-height: 0;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  .research-focus__summary {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 1.5rem;
  }

  .research-focus__summary-status {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 2;
    text-align: left;
  }

  .research-focus__summary::after {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 1 / span 2;
  }

  .research-focus__header,
  .research-focus__group-heading {
    display: block;
  }

  main.research-index .research-focus .research-focus__group-heading p {
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
    text-align: left;
  }

  .research-focus__reset {
    align-items: flex-start;
    margin-top: 1rem;
  }

  .research-focus__disclosure > summary {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 1.5rem;
  }

  .research-focus__disclosure-hint {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 2;
    text-align: left;
  }

  .research-focus__disclosure > summary::after {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 1 / span 2;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .research-lifecycle {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-lifecycle__choices {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }
}

[data-research-card][hidden],
[data-research-no-results][hidden],
[data-timeline-empty][hidden] {
  display: none !important;
}

.research-timeline {
  --timeline-accent: #5b2a86;
  --timeline-border: #dfe3e7;
  background: #fafbfc;
  border: 1px solid var(--timeline-border);
  border-radius: 1rem;
  color: #1d2b32;
  color-scheme: light;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.research-timeline__summary {
  align-items: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.75rem 1rem;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto 1.5rem;
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0.9rem 1.1rem;
}

.research-timeline__summary::after {
  color: var(--timeline-accent);
  content: "+";
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1;
  text-align: right;
}

.research-timeline[open] > .research-timeline__summary {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--timeline-border);
}

.research-timeline[open] > .research-timeline__summary::after {
  content: "−";
}

.research-timeline__summary-copy {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.1rem;
}

.research-timeline__summary-title {
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  font-weight: 750;
}

.research-timeline__summary-hint,
.research-timeline__summary-status,
.research-timeline__count,
.research-timeline__range {
  color: #687079;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.research-timeline__summary-status {
  text-align: right;
}

.research-timeline__body {
  padding: 1rem clamp(0.75rem, 3vw, 2rem) clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2rem);
}

.research-timeline__controls {
  background: #fff !important;
  border-color: var(--timeline-border);
  color: #1d2b32;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.research-timeline__controls .form-control {
  background: #fff;
  border-color: #cfd5db;
  color: #1d2b32;
}

.research-timeline__controls .form-control::placeholder {
  color: #737b83;
}

.research-timeline .research-timeline__controls .btn-primary {
  background: var(--timeline-accent) !important;
  border-color: var(--timeline-accent) !important;
  color: #fff !important;
}

.research-timeline .research-timeline__controls .btn-outline-primary {
  background: #fff !important;
  border-color: var(--timeline-accent) !important;
  color: var(--timeline-accent) !important;
}

.research-timeline .research-timeline__controls .btn-outline-primary:hover,
.research-timeline .research-timeline__controls .btn-outline-primary:focus-visible {
  background: #f4eff9 !important;
  color: #421d63 !important;
}

.research-timeline__toolbar {
  align-items: center;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  grid-template-columns: auto minmax(14rem, 1fr) auto;
}

.research-timeline__search {
  margin: 0;
}

.research-timeline__count {
  text-align: right;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.research-timeline__domains {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  margin-top: 0.8rem;
}

.research-timeline__domain {
  align-items: center;
  display: inline-flex;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}

.research-timeline__domain.btn-outline-secondary {
  background: #fff;
  border-color: #cfd5db;
  color: #38434b;
}

.research-timeline__domain.btn-outline-secondary:hover,
.research-timeline__domain.btn-outline-secondary:focus-visible {
  background: #f4eff9;
  border-color: var(--timeline-accent);
  color: #1d2b32;
}

.research-timeline__domain.btn-dark {
  background: #1d2b32;
  border-color: #1d2b32;
  color: #fff;
}

.research-timeline__swatch,
.research-timeline__domain-label > span {
  background: var(--domain-colour, #687079);
  border-radius: 999px;
  display: inline-block;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  height: 0.55rem;
  width: 0.55rem;
}

.research-timeline__range {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--timeline-border);
  margin-top: 0.8rem;
  padding-top: 0.65rem;
}

.research-timeline__groups {
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.research-timeline__month + .research-timeline__month {
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.research-timeline__month-header {
  align-items: baseline;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--timeline-border);
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem 5.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.research-timeline__entry {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  grid-template-columns: 4.65rem minmax(0, 1fr);
  position: relative;
}

.research-timeline__entry + .research-timeline__entry {
  margin-top: 0.85rem;
}

.research-timeline__date {
  align-items: flex-start;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  padding-top: 0.75rem;
  position: relative;
}

.research-timeline__date::after {
  background: var(--timeline-border);
  bottom: -0.85rem;
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: 0.35rem;
  top: 1.6rem;
  width: 1px;
}

.research-timeline__entry:last-child .research-timeline__date::after {
  bottom: 0;
}

.research-timeline__date time {
  display: grid;
  line-height: 1.05;
  margin-right: 0.8rem;
  text-align: right;
}

.research-timeline__day {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.research-timeline__weekday {
  color: #687079;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  margin-top: 0.18rem;
}

.research-timeline__dot {
  background: var(--domain-colour, var(--timeline-accent));
  border: 3px solid #fafbfc;
  border-radius: 999px;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px var(--domain-colour, var(--timeline-accent));
  height: 0.75rem;
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  top: 1rem;
  width: 0.75rem;
  z-index: 1;
}

.research-timeline__card {
  background: #fff !important;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--domain-colour, var(--timeline-accent));
  color: #1d2b32;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.research-timeline__card h4 a {
  color: #1d2b32;
}

.research-timeline__card h4 a:hover,
.research-timeline__card h4 a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--timeline-accent);
}

.research-timeline .research-timeline__card .text-muted,
.research-timeline .research-timeline__month-header .text-muted,
.research-timeline .research-timeline__count.text-muted,
.research-timeline .research-timeline__range.text-muted {
  color: #687079 !important;
}

.research-timeline__card-header,
.research-timeline__footer {
  align-items: center;
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.research-timeline__domain-label {
  align-items: center;
  color: var(--domain-colour, #4f5962);
  display: inline-flex;
  font-size: 0.73rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.035em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-timeline__card h4 {
  margin: 0.45rem 0 0.35rem;
}

.research-timeline__authors,
.research-timeline__metadata,
.research-timeline__description {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.research-timeline__topics {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.3rem;
}

.research-timeline__topics .badge {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.research-domain--ai-agent-security { --domain-colour: #7654b8; }
.research-domain--vulnerability-exploitation { --domain-colour: #b74d45; }
.research-domain--software-supply-chain-security { --domain-colour: #c06d27; }
.research-domain--identity-access { --domain-colour: #2f73a8; }
.research-domain--cloud-saas-infrastructure { --domain-colour: #25827d; }
.research-domain--network-communications-security { --domain-colour: #337c87; }
.research-domain--endpoint-hardware-security { --domain-colour: #8d6a2d; }
.research-domain--threats-malware-secops { --domain-colour: #8b3e63; }
.research-domain--privacy-cryptography-data { --domain-colour: #426d35; }
.research-domain--governance-risk-human { --domain-colour: #626b73; }
.research-domain--unclassified { --domain-colour: #687079; }

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  .research-timeline__summary {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 1.5rem;
  }

  .research-timeline__summary-status {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 2;
    text-align: left;
  }

  .research-timeline__summary::after {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 1 / span 2;
  }

  .research-timeline__toolbar {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-timeline__toolbar .btn-group {
    display: flex;
  }

  .research-timeline__toolbar .btn-group .btn {
    flex: 1 1 50%;
  }

  .research-timeline__count {
    text-align: left;
  }

  .research-timeline__domains {
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    margin-left: -1rem;
    margin-right: -1rem;
    overflow-x: auto;
    padding: 0 1rem 0.35rem;
  }

  .research-timeline__domain {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
  }

  .research-timeline__month-header {
    margin-left: 3.25rem;
  }

  .research-timeline__entry {
    gap: 0.55rem;
    grid-template-columns: 2.7rem minmax(0, 1fr);
  }

  .research-timeline__date time {
    margin-right: 0.65rem;
  }

  .research-timeline__card .card-body {
    padding: 0.85rem;
  }

  .research-timeline__card-header,
  .research-timeline__footer {
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .research-timeline__footer {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
}

.research-listen-launcher {
  align-items: center;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f7f2fb, #fff);
  border: 1px solid #d9cbe5;
  border-radius: 1rem;
  display: flex;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 1rem 1.1rem;
  color: #1d2b32;
  color-scheme: light;
}

.research-listen-launcher h3,
.research-listen-launcher .form-check-label {
  color: #1d2b32;
}

.research-listen-launcher .text-muted {
  color: #687079 !important;
}

.research-listen-launcher__eyebrow {
  color: #5b2a86;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.075em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-listen-launcher__actions,
.research-card-actions,
.research-inline-listen,
.research-inline-listen__actions {
  align-items: center;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.65rem;
}

.research-listen-launcher__actions {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  justify-content: flex-end;
}

.research-card-footer {
  align-items: center;
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.research-card-actions {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  justify-content: flex-end;
}

.research-card-actions .btn {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

[data-research-card].is-played > .card {
  border-color: rgba(25, 135, 84, 0.38);
}

.research-inline-listen {
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.research-inline-listen__actions,
.research-queue-player__controls {
  align-items: center;
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.research-inline-listen label,
.research-queue-player__controls label {
  align-items: center;
  display: flex;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  margin: 0;
}

.research-inline-listen select,
.research-queue-player__controls select {
  min-width: 4.75rem;
  width: auto;
}

.research-queue-player[hidden] {
  display: none !important;
}

.research-queue-player {
  background: #11151c;
  bottom: 0;
  box-shadow: 0 -0.75rem 2.5rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.28);
  color: #fff;
  left: 0;
  padding: 0.8rem max(1rem, env(safe-area-inset-right)) max(0.8rem, env(safe-area-inset-bottom)) max(1rem, env(safe-area-inset-left));
  position: fixed;
  right: 0;
  z-index: 1080;
}

.research-queue-player__inner {
  align-items: center;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.8rem 1rem;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(12rem, 1fr) minmax(18rem, 2fr) auto;
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 82rem;
}

.research-queue-player__now-playing {
  display: grid;
  min-width: 0;
}

.research-queue-player__now-playing > span {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.66);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-queue-player__now-playing a {
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 700;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.research-queue-player audio {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
}

.research-queue-player__controls {
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
}

.research-queue-player__controls label > span {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
}

.research-queue-player__close {
  background: transparent;
  border: 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.76);
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  padding: 0.35rem;
}

body.research-queue-open {
  padding-bottom: 7.5rem;
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .research-queue-player__inner {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(10rem, 1fr) minmax(16rem, 2fr);
  }

  .research-queue-player__controls {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    justify-content: flex-end;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  body.research .wrap.container-xxl {
    padding-left: 0;
    padding-right: 0;
  }

  body .content {
    max-width: none;
    width: 100%;
  }

  main.research-index.container,
  main.research-episode.container {
    max-width: none;
    padding-left: max(0.75rem, env(safe-area-inset-left));
    padding-right: max(0.75rem, env(safe-area-inset-right));
    width: 100%;
  }

  main.research-index.py-5,
  main.research-episode.py-5 {
    padding-bottom: 2rem !important;
    padding-top: 1.5rem !important;
  }

  main.research-index > header,
  main.research-index .research-introduction {
    margin-bottom: 2rem !important;
  }

  main.research-index > hr {
    margin-bottom: 2rem !important;
    margin-top: 2rem !important;
  }

  main.research-index [data-research-results] {
    --bs-gutter-x: 0;
  }

  main.research-index [data-research-card] .card-body {
    padding: 0.95rem;
  }

  main.research-index [data-research-card] {
    flex: 0 0 100%;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .research-listen-launcher {
    align-items: stretch;
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 0.9rem;
  }

  .research-listen-launcher__actions {
    justify-content: space-between;
  }

  .research-listen-launcher__actions .btn-primary {
    flex: 1 1 100%;
    order: -1;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .research-card-footer {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .research-card-actions {
    justify-content: flex-start;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .research-card-actions .research-duration {
    margin-left: auto;
  }

  .research-inline-listen {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .research-inline-listen__actions {
    justify-content: space-between;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .research-queue-player {
    padding-top: 0.65rem;
  }

  .research-queue-player__inner {
    display: grid;
    gap: 0.55rem;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-queue-player__now-playing,
  .research-queue-player audio,
  .research-queue-player__controls {
    grid-column: 1;
  }

  .research-queue-player__controls {
    justify-content: space-between;
  }

  .research-queue-player__controls .btn {
    min-height: 2.5rem;
  }

  body.research-queue-open {
    padding-bottom: 12.5rem;
  }
}
.research-supporting-figure {
  margin: 1rem 0 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid rgba(31, 42, 55, 0.14);
  border-radius: 1rem;
  background: #f7f8fa;
}

.research-supporting-figure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

.research-supporting-figure figcaption {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 0.35rem 0.75rem;
  padding: 0.85rem 1rem 1rem;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(31, 42, 55, 0.12);
}

.research-supporting-figure figcaption span {
  flex: 1 1 32rem;
  color: #667085;
}

.research-supporting-figure figcaption a {
  white-space: nowrap;
}
/* Illustrated education uses the normal article width, not a nested narrow column. */
.education-visual { width: 100%; margin: 2rem 0; padding: 1rem; border: 1px solid #d4dce0; border-radius: .75rem; background: #fff; color: #1d2d35; scroll-margin-top: 6rem; }
.education-visual img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: .5rem; }
.education-visual figcaption { margin: .8rem 0 .4rem; line-height: 1.5; font-size: .95rem; }
.education-visual details { font-size: .9rem; }
.education-visual.is-active { border-color: #7954b3; box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #7954b3; }
.education-slides { width: min(1100px, calc(100vw - 1rem)); max-width: none; max-height: 94vh; max-height: 94dvh; padding: 1.25rem; border: 1px solid #bfc9ce; border-radius: 1rem; color: #1d2d35; background: #fff; }
#education-slides .text-muted, #education-slides .btn-link { color: #51626d !important; }
#education-slides .btn-outline-secondary { color: #33434d; border-color: #8e9aa1; }
#education-slides .btn-primary { color: #fff; background: #6746a0; border-color: #6746a0; }
.education-slides__stage { max-height: 64vh; max-height: 64dvh; overflow: auto; overscroll-behavior: contain; }
.education-slides::backdrop { background: rgba(12, 18, 25, .75); }
.education-slides__stage .education-visual { margin: 0 0 1rem; border: 0; padding: 0; }
/* Tall flowcharts scroll inside the stage; never shrink their labels to fit its height. */
.education-slides__stage img { max-height: none; height: auto; }
.education-slides__controls { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: .5rem; }
.education-slides__controls [data-slides-position] { margin-inline: auto; }
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .education-episode.container { padding-left: .75rem; padding-right: .75rem; }
  .education-visual { padding: .4rem; margin-block: 1.5rem; }
  .education-slides { padding: .75rem; }
  .education-slides__stage { max-height: 56dvh; }
  .education-slides__stage img { max-height: none; }
}